How do you resize canvas without scaling layers, and what is the effect on layers?

• A. Layer > Free Transform; scales all layers.
• B. Edit > Canvas Size; changes only the canvas.
• C. Image > Canvas Size; increases or decreases canvas while layers remain unchanged.
• D. Image > Image Size; changes the resolution.

Answer: (C)

Resizing the canvas changes the workspace boundary, not the image data itself. Using the Image > Canvas Size command lets you increase or decrease the canvas while the layer contents stay the same. If you enlarge the canvas, extra transparent space appears around the artwork; if you shrink it, parts of layers outside the new boundary are cropped. This is different from changing the image size or using free transform, both of which alter the actual pixel data or scale the layers.